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صفحه ۱۴۰ کتاب علم و جامعه: Smith believed that when each individual aims at his own personal pros- perity, the result is the prosperity of the community. A baker does not consciously set out to serve society by baking bread - he only intends to make money for himself; but natural economic forces lead him to perform a public service, since if he were not doing something useful, people would not pay him for it. Adam Smith expressed this idea in the following way: “As every individual, therefore, endeavours as much as he can, both to employ his capital in support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of greatest value, each individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the Society as great as he can.” “He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain; and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for Society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest, he frequently promotes that of society more effectively than when he really intends to promote it.” In Adam Smith’s optimistic view, an “invisible hand” guides individuals to promote the public good, while they consciously seek only their own gain. This vision was enthusiastically adopted adopted by the vigorously growing industrial nations of the west. It is the basis of much of modern history; but there proved to be shortcomings in Smith’s theory. A collection of individu- als, almost entirely free from governmental regulation, each guided only by his or her desire for personal gain - this proved to be a formula for maximum economic growth; but certain modifications were needed before it could lead to widely shared happiness and social justice. متن بالا در باره دیدگاه های اقتصادی آدام اسمیت اقتصاددان بزرگ اسکاتلندی در قرن ۱۸ میلادی است. به دو دلیل نقل کردم. یکی جدی و دیگری طنز! اول این که دیدگاه روشن و ساده اش به گمان من به درد امروز ما می خورد. به عقیده این حقیر ما امروز به همین آدم های عاقل و دور اندیش نیاز داریم نه به ایده آ ل گرایانی با چند شعارآرمانگرایانه که بد را بدتر کنند و پس فردا به بهانه و منت آن که برایمان فداکاری کرده اند باقی مانده حق و حقوقمان را بالا بکشند! دومین دلیل طنز هست! یادم هست که زمانی یک سری جوک ها رایج بود که در آن اسکاتلندی راهی برای صرفه جویی ارائه می داد و همه را مفتون هوشمندی خود می ساخت!سپس یک اسکویی وارد صحنه می شد و چیزی می گفت که اسکاتلندی لنگ می انداخت! الان هم امیدوارم یک اقتصاددان از اسکو ظهور کند وروی دست آدام اسمیت بزند و ما را از این بن بست اقتصادی خارج سازد.😉. 🍀@minjigh
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